REVIEW ARTICLE published 09 September 2014 doi 10 Biology Diagrams

REVIEW ARTICLE published 09 September 2014 doi 10 Biology Diagrams Epigenetics, the study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence, plays a pivotal role in cellular function, development, and aging. This review explores key epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation (DNAm), histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, RNA-based regulation, and long-distance chromosomal Major features of chromatin and epigenetic mark changes during the cell cycle. Open in a new tab. Cells in G1 phase exhibit active gene transcription, such as PCNA, with 1) increased global acetylation of histones H2A and 2B, H3, and H4; 2) decrease DNMT1 and DNMT3 and global DNA methylation; AND 3) disruption of HDAC-Rb/E2F-Smyd2 Although DNA methylation is an established mechanism for stable epigenetic inheritance, organisms that hardly methylate their DNA, such as yeast and Drosophila, can still transmit epigenetic information through the cell cycle, likely by altering chromatin structure [48, 49]. The major determinants of chromatin structure are the histone proteins.

Epigenetic inheritance during the cell cycle Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2009 Mar;10(3):192-206. doi: 10.1038/nrm2640. Understanding the dynamics and stability of these marks through the cell cycle is crucial in maintaining a given chromatin state. Publication types Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

The Epigenetic Landscape: From Molecular Mechanisms to Biological Aging Biology Diagrams

In this report, Dalton and colleagues show that developmental genes are primed for activation in G1 phase of the cell cycle by a mechanism requiring convergence of the cell-cycle machinery with cell signaling pathways. This priming mechanism involves the establishment of bivalent epigenetic domains and dynamic changes in chromosome architecture around developmental genes.

The return to totipotency takes place in one cell cycle and involves differential DNA methylation and histone modification changes in paternal and maternal genomes 138,139,140, as well as large Keywords: cell cycle, primary cilia, epigenetic regulator, ciliogenesis. 1. Introduction. The cell cycle is a complicated and finely tuned process that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides, and is composed of interphase (G 1, S, and G 2 phases), followed by the mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis), and the G 0 (quiescence) phase [1,2].

Stable transmission of reversible modifications: maintenance of ... Biology Diagrams

Propagation of the chromatin landscape across cell divisions is central to epigenetic cell memory. Mechanistic analysis of the interplay between DNA replication, the cell cycle, and the epigenome